INDIAN FILM INDUSTRY | Size of the INDUSTRY | The total size in the year 2009 was Rs 6,800 crore and Projected size by the year end of 2010: Rs 15,300 crore and growing with CAGR i.e. the compound annual growth rate of 18% |
| Geographical distribution | The Indian film industry, famously known as Bollywood, is the largest in the world, and has major film studios in Mumbai (Bombay), Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. |
| Output per annum | According to the analysts the film industry contributed $1.5 billion to the Indian economy, |
| Market capitalization | In the year 2008-09 the Indian film Industry contributed $6.2 billion to India's GDP |
History In 1913 the first Indian feature film was released and it was 3700 feet long. It was made by Raja Harishchandra made by Dadasaheb Phalke. The film was based on a story from the Mahabharata it was a stirring film concerned with honour, sacrifice and mighty deeds. From then on many "mywhile addressing social differences of caste, class and the relations between the sexes, the "social" films were adopted a modernist outlook which was essential for converging of society. Many directors of the time showed great innovation like The Marathi director, V Shantaram, for example, was alert to world trends in film-making, deploying expressionist effects intelligently in such works as Amrit Manthan.
Then in 1951 the Post-independence, despite a relatively sympathetic government enquiry the industry became the moral scrutiny and criticism was subject to severe taxation. A covert consensus emerged between proponents of art cinema and focusing on the imperative to create a "better" cinema. In 1959 The Film and Television Institute of India was established at Pune to develop technical skills for an industry seen to be lacking in this field. Radical cultural organizations loosely associated with the Indian Communist Party organized themselves as the All India Progressive Writers Association and the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) was born. The latter had then produced Dharti ke Lal/Sons of the Soil (KA Abbas; in the year 1943) and its impact on the industry can be seen in the work of radical writers such as Abbas, lyricists such as Sahir Ludhianvi, and directors such as Bimal Roy and Zia Sarhady.
In addition, directors like Raj Kapoor, Guru Dutt and Mehboob Khan created films that reflected a passionate concern for questions of social justice. In this era there were largely studio-based, the films nevertheless incorporated with vivid stylistic experimentation, influenced by international currents in film-making. Such effects are evident in Awara/The Vagabond (Raj Kapoor, 1951, script by KA Abbas), Awaaz/The Call (Zia Sarhady; 1956) and Pyaasa/Craving (Guru Dutt; 1957). In 1951 The First International Film Festival was held which showed Italian works for the first time in India. The influence of Neorealism could be evident in films such as Do Bigha Zamin/Two Measures of Land (Bimal Roy, 1953), a portrait of father and son eking out a living in Calcutta that strongly echoes the narrative of Vittorio de Sica's Bicycle Thief (1948). In 1949 Mehboob Khan's Andaz/Style, an upperclass love triangle founded on a tragic misunderstanding, draws on codes of psychological representation. India's emergent art cinema, led by the Bengali directors Ray, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak reacted against such spectacle.In later work of Ray on urban middle-class existence, Mahanagar/Big City (1963), Charulata (1964), Seemabadha/Company Limited (1971), Pratidwandi/The Protagonist (1970), and Jana Aranya/The Middleman (1975), his rational, humanist vision is at the same time at home in the city, and repulsed by it; overarching estrangement is relayed through images of futile job interviews, cynical corporate schemes, murky deals in respectable cafes.
However, the political and economic upheaval of the following decade was accepted turning point in the popular film was the angry, violent Zanjeer/The Chain (Prakash Mehra; 1973), which fed into the anxieties and frustrations generated by the quickening but lopsided pace of industrialization and urbanization. Establishing Amitabh Bachchan as the biggest star of the next decade. In Zanjeer, the casual killing of a witness on Bombay's commuter trains conjures up the perils of life in the metropolis.
The Art Cinema of the 80's diversified from its Bengali moorings of the earlier period under the aegis of the Film Finance Corporation. Works by Shyam Benegal, Gautam Ghose, Saeed Mirza, BV Karanth, Girish Kasaravaili, Mrinal Sen, MS Sathyu, Ray, and Kundan Shah, among others, actively addressed questions of social injustice: problems of landlord exploitation, bonded labour, untouchability, urban power, corruption and criminal extortion, the oppression of women, and political manipulation.
The most notable of the directors, who speak specifically about their own cultures, and about the possibilities of change, are Adoor Gopalakrishnan and Aravindan from Kerala. The key to the productivity of South Indian Industry was the overall development of film culture in Kerala. In the 1990's the Telugu and Tamil industries, and directors such as Ram Gopal Varma and Mani Ratnam, are at the forefront of such moves, showing a lively interest in new techniques. Varma's Shiva (1990) and Raat/Night (1991) showcase the use of steadicam - in the latter, to the exclusion of any serious narrative. In 1993, Ratnam made an important breakthrough with Roja.
Size of the industry The total size in the year 2009 was Rs 6,800 crore and projected size by the year end of 2010: Rs 15,300 crore and growing with CAGR I.e. the compound annual growth rate of 18% . India has the unique distinguishing producing capacity the largest number of films anywhere in the world and in many languages. India produces about more than 1000 feature films and 900 short films every year. With rough estimations, a total of about 15 million people see films in India everyday, either in its over 13,000 cinema houses, or on Video and Cable. |  |
Total contribution to the economy/ sales Top leading Companies - Sony Pictures
- Zee Televisons
- Pritish Nandy Communications
- Cinevistas
- Sahara One Media and Entertainment Ltd
- Saregama India Ltd
- UTV Software Communications Ltd
- Balaji Telefilms Ltd
- Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd
Employment opportunities For full fledged entertainment career one should obtain a bachelor's degree in the respective field after completion of the plus-two level. The Indian film industry is making it big, both at home and abroad. Indian Film Industry has made available the talented youngsters with many opportunities. With the launch of cable channels, job opportunities in the Indian Film industry are increasing like never before. One can explore areas like:
- Direction
- Production
- Camera
- Sound
- Lighting
- Editing
- Graphics
- Maintenance
Indian Film Industry is just not restricted to fun and entertainment and earning profits but is also one of the biggest employment generating industries of the Indian economy. Today the growth of this industry is quite phenomenal with the changing preferences of movie-goers and filmmakers.
Latest developments - The Indian Film Industry is estimated to have grown at a CAGR of 5 % over the past 3 years. The Indian Film Industry has earned revenues of around Rs 89 billion in size in 2009 and growth of 14 % over 2008.
- According to estimations by FICCI and Ernst and Young, Indian Film Industry had worth more than Rs. 400,000 million in 2008. The industry is growing with many positive developments like the accordance of the 'industry' status to the film industry, satellite channel penetration, the retail boom in the channels for music sales (Music World & Planet M), the use of digital technology in all spheres of entertainment and the growth of multiplexes have contributed to the growth of this sector
- Indian film industry is now increasingly getting professional as lot of production houses such as Yash Raj Productions, Dharma Productions, Mukta Arts etc. are now working on corporate lines.
- According to FICCI-KMG 2010 over the next 5 years, the Indian film industry is projected to grow at the CAGR of 9% and reach the size of Rs 137 billion by 2014.